Top 20 Legal Phrases Every Law Student Should Know

 

A Simplified Guide to Common Legal and Latin Terms Used in Indian Law

 


Understanding legal jargon is essential for anyone diving into the world of law. Here’s a simplified list of must-know legal and Latin phrases commonly encountered in Indian legal practice and education:

Actus Reus: A guilty act (part of proving a crime)

Mens Rea: A guilty mind or intent

Habeas Corpus: A writ to bring a person before a court to check illegal detention

Res Judicata: A matter already judged; can’t be tried again

Sub Judice: A matter currently under judicial consideration

Ultra Vires: Beyond the powers (used for actions outside legal authority)

Amicus Curiae: A friend of the court (someone who advises but is not a party)

Pro Bono: Legal work done for free

Locus Standi: Right or capacity to bring an action or appear in a court

Prima Facie: At first glance or on the face of it

FIR (First Information Report): The first report recorded by police upon receiving information of a cognizable offense

• Bailable/Non-Bailable Offence: Whether a person is entitled to bail or not as a matter of right

Charge Sheet: Final report submitted by police after investigation

Cognizable Offence: Offense where police can arrest without a warrant

Non-Cognizable Offence: Police require court permission to arrest

Remand: Sending an accused back into custody or judicial custody

Anticipatory Bail: Bail granted before arrest, under Section 438 CrPC

Contempt of Court: Disrespect or defiance towards a court's authority

Quashing of FIR: Legal request to nullify the FIR by High Court

Legal Heir Certificate: Document certifying rightful heirs after a death


“To speak the language of law, you must first learn its phrases.”


Also Read: Is There a Legal Limit to WhatsApp Chats Used as Evidence in India

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